The number of inmates in New York State prisons reached a peak of over 71,000 as the 1990s turned to the 2000s, and then fell to 51,743 in January 2016.
This guide will help any interested New Yorker understand and participate in the city's budget process. It outlines the components of the city's budget, the timelines and processes for adopting it, and provides an overview of how the city raises revenues and how those revenues get spent. Guidance on where to find budget documents and a contact list of key players in the budget process will help readers figure out where to find answers to budget questions.
Among the many spending reductions included in President Trump’s proposed 2018 budget are cuts to federal aid for lowincome individuals and families, including cash assistance, food stamps, and Supplemental Security Income.
REPORT: Ten years ago the city adopted a 20-year plan for how to deal with the roughly 12,000 tons of waste handled each day by the sanitation department. With the city halfway through the period covered by the plan, we take a close look at the progress in meeting many of the goals of the Solid Waste Management Plan
On a typical day in fiscal year 2016, there were about 9,700 people in New York City jails: roughly 7,700 pretrial detainees, 1,200 sentenced to serve time in city jails, and 800 sentenced to terms in state prisons but who remained in city custody.
Each school year there is considerable movement of students who transfer from one school to another or out of the city’s public school system altogether.
REPORT: Brooklyn Borough President Eric Adams asked how many hours do subway riders lose to delays during the morning rush and what does it cost in monetary terms. We provide our estimates
We've updated portions of our web-based facts and figures on the city's schools to present information from the 2015-2016 school year. The updated indicators provide information ranging from student birthplaces and most common languages spoken at home to enrollment trends and student demographics at traditional public and charter schools. The update also includes new data on absence rates and performance on New York State and Regents exams.
We've updated portions of our web-based facts and figures on the city's schools to present information from the 2015-2016 school year. The updated indicators provide information ranging from student birthplaces and most common languages spoken at home to enrollment trends and student demographics at traditional public and charter schools. The update also includes new data on absence rates and performance on New York State and Regents exams.
We've updated portions of our web-based facts and figures on the city's schools to present information from the 2015-2016 school year. The updated indicators provide information ranging from student birthplaces and most common languages spoken at home to enrollment trends and student demographics at traditional public and charter schools. The update also includes new data on absence rates and performance on New York State and Regents exams.
We've updated portions of our web-based facts and figures on the city's schools to present information from the 2015-2016 school year. The updated indicators provide information ranging from student birthplaces and most common languages spoken at home to enrollment trends and student demographics at traditional public and charter schools. The update also includes new data on absence rates and performance on New York State and Regents exams.
We've updated portions of our web-based facts and figures on the city's schools to present information from the 2015-2016 school year. The updated indicators provide information ranging from student birthplaces and most common languages spoken at home to enrollment trends and student demographics at traditional public and charter schools. The update also includes new data on absence rates and performance on New York State and Regents exams.
We've updated portions of our web-based facts and figures on the city's schools to present information from the 2015-2016 school year. The updated indicators provide information ranging from student birthplaces and most common languages spoken at home to enrollment trends and student demographics at traditional public and charter schools. The update also includes new data on absence rates and performance on New York State and Regents exams.
As part of our recent report on the cost of subway disruptions to riders and the city, which IBO produced at the request of Brooklyn Borough President Eric Adams, we needed to estimate how much time subway commuters lose to delays.
As of June, the Department of Education had 131,199 full-time employees. More than 119,000 served in jobs under the broad classification of pedagogues, which includes roles such as principals, assistant principals, teachers, and teaching assistants also known as paraprofessionals.
New information about students taking advanced placement exams and courses in the city's public high schools as well as the availability of art and science classes in high schools.
In recent years the offices of the city's five District Attorneys have garnered millions of dollars through state and federal asset forfeiture laws. Although there are certain requirements on how these funds are held and spent, the District Attorneys retain considerable discretion over the use of these dollars.
With the rising number of homeless families and individuals in the city’s shelter system there has been a related rise in the costs of running the shelters.
FOCUS ON THE PRELIMINARY BUDGET: IBO has produced a new economic and tax revenue forecast for the city as well as re-estimated city expenditures based on the Mayor's Preliminary Budget for 2019 and Financial Plan Through 2022. An overview of our findings.
FOCUS ON THE PRELIMINARY BUDGET: With planned capital expenses growing over the next five years, the cost of debt service will also increase, but probably not by as much as OMB expects.
FOCUS ON THE PRELIMINARY BUDGET: As the city and state debate who is going to pay for public transportation improvements, IBO examines some proposed funding options and possible financial consequences for the city.
FOCUS ON THE PRELIMINARY BUDGET: The Mayor's latest budget plan includes a substantial increase in capital funding for new construction and preservation of housing
Whether students with disabilities were recommended a paraprofessional differed based on the type of disability classification and the borough where the student attended school.
FOCUS ON THE PRELIMINARY BUDGET: The Mayor proposes a faster roll-out of his 3-k initiative and continues to consolidate early education programs in the Department of Education.
With the release of our latest edition of Budget Options for New York City , IBO looks at dozens of ways to reduce city spending or raise revenues through tax, fee, or fine increases. As in past editions, a basic description of each budget option is presented along with a side-by-side discussion of key arguments for and against each measure's implementation.
REPORT: With City Hall set to name a property tax reform commission, IBO has run the numbers for two scenarios that address a couple of key disparities in residential property tax burdens. We do this while keeping total taxes collected revenue neutral, as the Mayor has urged. So who wins and who loses?
Last year NYC's five pension systems for municipal employees paid $12.9 billion in benefits to more than 332,000 retirees or their beneficiaries. While many retired city workers remain in the five boroughs, many others collect their pension checks in states and counties all around the country.
The New York City Department for the Aging spent about $110 million in fiscal year 2017 to support programs at nearly 250 senior centers throughout the city.
FOCUS ON THE EXECUTIVE BUDGET: We presents our analysis of the de Blasio Administration's Executive Budget for 2019 and financial plan through 2022, including IBO's projections of budget gaps and surpluses. The report provides our latest economic forecast along with our estimates for tax revenue collections and spending based on the Mayor's plan.
Last fiscal year, there were more than 58,000 admissions to the city’s jails. Most of these admissions were of inmates who had previously been in city custody.
As part of the effort to improve its fiscal health, New York City Health + Hospitals is counting on increased enrollment in its health insurance sudsidiary, MetroPlus.
IBO has substantially revised and updated its guide to the city's capital budget. The readable, full-color guide outlines the key components of the capital budget and the timeline and process for adopting it. The guide also provides an overview of how the city raises capital funds and how those dollars are spent.
The deaths of two young children in 2016 sent shock waves through the city's child welfare system. The number of reports of suspected child abuse or maltreatment escalated in the following months. Did this result in more substantiated cases of abuse? More children placed under court supervision or in foster care? IBO explores these and related questions
Following cutbacks in traditional federal aid for repairing or replacing public housing, the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development created new programs that rely on leveraging private dollars to help address the needs of deteriorating housing developments nationwide.
The Mayor struck deals with the city's two largest labor unions in June that provide paid parental leave to more than 200,000 municipal workers. The two deals have a number of major differences. IBO takes a closer look, examining the assumptions and estimating the costs to the city.
New York City collects a mix of taxes that looks much more like those of a state than the typical U.S. city. Today the city relies on personal income taxes, business income taxes, taxes related to real estate transactions.
A growing number of New York City schools has qualified for federal Title I-A funding in recent years. But the city is getting less money than it did years ago even as federal allocations have grown nationwide. We explain the fiscal and demographic reasons why.
For years, some providers of city-funded social services have questioned disparities in the funding of their programs, with wide differences in how much support some groups receive for each participant despite offering a similar set of services.
While lead paint is the primary source of exposure to lead in New York City, tap water can also be a source of lead—and many privately owned small residential buildings in the city have plumbing that contains a much higher level of lead than is allowed in new construction today.
The number of students in grades 6 through 12 suspended for breaking school rules has continued to decline in recent years as the City Council and the de Blasio Administration have fostered policies that promote alternatives to keeping students out of the classroom.
IBO has examined the shares of reports to the hotline over several years that came from mandated reporters versus those that came from the general public, such as relatives, neighbors, or anonymous callers.
The new city funds announced in April bring the Fair Student Funding total allocated to school budgets up to $6.2 billion for the current school year, an increase of 3.4 percent.
In 2017 the Campaign Finance Board provided candidates running for municipal offices ranging from the Mayor to City Council with a combined $17.7 million in public funds to support their campaigns.Candidates who meet the requirements are eligible to receive matching funds.
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Over the past two decades, the state has been moving recipients into managed care plans
with the goals of providing better health care and reducing costs.
This report, the first produced under a 2017 City Council law that turns to IBO to issue periodic reports on New York City economic development tax expenditures, looks at the efficiency and effectiveness of two programs: Commercial Revitalization & Commercial Expansion.
In April 2017 the city’s Human Resources Administration implemented new employment services contracts for cash assistance recipients who are able to work.
The amount of time an individual must spend in state prison is reduced by the period of time spent in a local jail because they were denied bail or unable to post bail while awaiting trial and then as their case is heard in court.
As an advisory commission appointed by the Mayor and Council Speaker looks at ways to reform the city’s property tax system, we consider an idea suggested by a number of policy- and opinion-makers: reducing the percentage of a home’s market value that is subject to the property tax.
One of Mayor de Blasio’s earliest education initiatives sought to establish 100 “community schools” that provide a mix of academic and other supports to students and their families through partnerships with community-based organizations. By August 2018 there were more than 200 community schools.
IBO presents its annual fiscal outlook report, featuring our latest local economic forecast along with our estimates of revenue and spending under the financial plan released by the Mayor last month.
We’ve updated and reformulated our compendium of ways the city can raise money or cut spending. Budget Options for New York City is now designed as a web-based publication. This enables us to update budget options or add new ones as circumstances change or new information becomes available.
An early look, examining the last three and a half years of city employee paycheck deductions for union dues, including the six months following the Janus decision.
What if the de Blasio Administration’s proposal to base admissions to the city’s specialized high schools on grades and the state assessment tests had been in place for 8th graders in school year 2017-18? How would it have changed the demographics and achievement levels of students who got offers?
The Department of Sanitation recently halted the expansion of its voluntary residential organics collection program. Low participation rates in neighborhoods receiving the service have kept the cost per ton collected high.
IBO presents an overview of our analysis of the Mayor’s Preliminary Budget for 2020 and financial plan through 2023. The report includes our projections of city budget gaps and surpluses, highlights of our latest economic forecast, and re-estimates of revenue and spending under the Mayor’s plan
The Mayor’s latest budget plan adds $23 million over the years 2020-2023 for his LeadFreeNYC initiative, and brings the total amount of funds budgeted for the program to $39 million. But that still leaves the program’s funding well short of the original commitment.
The city has committed more than $4 billion over 10 years that can be used to meet the terms of the settlement with federal officials for repairs at public housing developments across the city. Yet the full cost of the settlement is unclear, and may require additional city funds.
The Governor’s budget proposes that New York City—and just New York City—pay 10 percent of annual Family Assistance costs, a program that has been funded completely with federal dollars in the past.
In a 2015 plea agreement, BNP Paribas bank paid $8.9 billion in criminal penalties, including nearly $900 million to the city. Much of those funds remain unused.
Foundation Aid is the largest form of state support for the city’s schools. The budget proposals from the Governor and the Legislature remain far apart, not just in dollar amount but in how some of the funding can be used.
Under the Mayor’s plan, the budget for summer jobs for youth would increase by more than $30 million, but the number of slots for participants would fall.
The fiscal condition of the city’s public hospitals may be looking better than in the recent past, but a prognosis of modest shortfalls remains for the years ahead.
We project that NYC tax revenue will grow from $61.0 billion this year to nearly $70.6 billion in 2023. Get the details behind the numbers in our projections for individual taxes.
Over three-quarters of the roughly 8,000 inmates currently held in city jails are categorized as detainees, meaning their cases have not yet been settled.
While there’s been much attention to the de Blasio Administration’s expansion of pre-k and 3-k, after-school programs for elementary and middle school students also have substantially increased. We track the rise in enrollment and spending since 2014.
IBO has analyzed data for apartments registered with preferential rents from 2010 through 2017 to quantify their prevalence and their relationship to tenant stability.
Although required under a 1991 law, the city does not publish data by precinct that tells New Yorkers how long it takes the police department to respond to a 911 call—from the initial call to the time officers arrive at the scene.
In recent years annual revisions to federal labor force data for New York City have been large and hard to anticipate. These revisions have been further complicated by some unusual recent trends in local employment. We take a closer look.
IBO presents a comprehensive analysis of the 2020 Executive Budget & Financial Plan through 2023, including our projections of spending, revenue, & budget gaps & surpluses under the Mayor’s proposals. The report also features our latest economic forecast & an analysis of the Mayor’s saving plan.
Many of the city’s highest-scoring students will likely attend one of the city’s nine specialized high schools. But many high-scorers—including some offered admission to a specialized high school—will attend other schools.
IBO has looked at assessment appeals brought to the Tax Commission over the years 2013-2017 and summarized the results by number of appeals, property tax reductions, property types, and the borough where the properties are located.
Despite two intervening recessions, from 2000 through 2017 New York City added over 650,000 private-sector jobs, an increase of about 20 percent. Wage growth, however, has been less robust.
Are the city’s more than 70 public hospitals and clinics located in neighborhoods with heavy concentrations of the uninsured? IBO has mapped the location of public hospital facilities and the share of uninsured in the city’s 59 community districts.
How much have the three pension funds invested in oil, gas, and other fossil fuel companies? How many shares do they own and what is the value of these holdings? IBO has compiled the numbers.
In contrast to NYC's explosive growth in new jobs since the 2008-09 recession, the average number of hours worked each week has trended downward over the past decade. We compare the trend here, which may partly explain why wage growth has been relatively modest, with other U.S. metropolitan areas.
With a growing number of English language learners and an expanding set of programs to assist them, IBO looked at shifts in placements at 1,512 traditional public schools over the four years from 2014-2015 through 2017-2018.
IBO reviewed 131 NYC Housing Connect listings for 3,605 new affordable apartments over a recent six-month period, surveying the distribution of rents by income group and by apartment size, as well as rent-to-income ratios.
In June 2019, the number of city residents receiving cash assistance hit a 56-year low. We have tracked the rise and fall of cash assistance recipients since 1960.
Have inspections for rats by the health department’s Bureau of Veterinary and Pest Control Services been increasing? We track changes in the number of initial inspections citywide and by borough.
What are the similarities and differences among these three types of senior programs and do average program and personnel costs differ? We compared using data from the Department for the Aging, which contracts with providers to operate the senior programs.
Earlier we reported that 132 New York City parent-teacher associations granted nearly $13 million to their school budgets in school year 2017-2018. Now we answer the question: how were the funds spent?
IBO’s Jonathan Rosenberg presents testimony to the City Council on the difficulty in tracking the reasons for delays and cost overruns on parks department capital projects—a problem that extends to projects at other agencies as well.
In 2016 the Mayor revamped how the city cleans and maintains the city’s schools—promising better services and potential savings. Has the city achieved savings?
In 2017, the city changed its primary program for helping to get cash assistance recipients into jobs. After an initial decline, are more cash assistance recipients now finding jobs?
IBO’s Sarita Subramanian discusses New York State and City education aid formulas and how they address student need at a hearing of the State Senate Committees on Education and Budget and Revenues.
Parent–teacher associations can buy a range of goods and services for their schools. But the associations can also make monetary donations to their school’s budget, as 132 did in school year 2017-2018. How much did the associations contribute and how did it vary by school type, school poverty rate?